Ethics and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Morals and Diversity - Essay Example Preceding that, the entirety of the Equal Pay Act (1970), the Sex Discrimination Act (1975), the Race Relations Act (1976) and the Race Relations Amendment Act (2000), looked to guarantee against both immediate and circuitous separation in the arrangement of merchandise and enterprises and inside the work environment. From the lawful point of view, in this way, assorted variety is mandatory. Lawmaking body and guidelines aside, the inquiry is whether firms have a moral obligation to grasp workforce decent variety and to guarantee that they have a various workforce. While a few researchers have contended that workforce assorted variety can't be characterized as a moral commitment to the extent that it could prompt the recruiting of less qualified applicants essentially in view of their race, religion, or ethnicity, among others (Darr, 2002), different researchers keep up that it is a moral commitment (Ludlum and Mascaloinov, 2004). Pending the introduction of a short comprehension of the ramifications of decent variety and an audit of the contention against it as a moral commitment, the current exploration will contend for workforce assorted variety as a moral obligation towards which all organizations must aim. The idea of assorted variety is a comprehensive one and, alludes to the collectivity of human contrasts and similitudes along a given measurement (Cox, 1993). In accordance with a workforce, Caudron and Hayes (1997) keep up that the two measurements and proportions of decent variety incorporate financial and psychographic qualities, race, social and ethnic legacy, religion and conviction frameworks, sex and sexual inclinations and, age. Other huge measurements and proportions of assorted variety, albeit lesser acknowledged and explored corresponding to intra-hierarchical relations and elements, are political affiliations and financial and practical foundations (Gordon, 1995; Caudron and Hayes, 1997; Stockdale and Crosby, 2003; Gardenswartz , 2003; Barak, 2005). Contending the above definition to be ridiculously broad, a few scientists have required an increasingly exact spotlight on a specific arrangement of decent variety measurements and measures. These are race, culture, sexual orientation, religion, and ethnicity. To be sure, by extending the boundaries of assorted variety to incorporate age and sexual inclinations, consideration has been diverted from the more original of the decent variety classes, boss among which are race and ethnicity (Cox, Lobel and McLeod, 1991; Polzer, Milton and Swann, 2002; Arrendondo, 2004; Squires, 2005; Ocon, 2006). It is comparable to the more original of these distinctions that researchers have contended the morals of their execution. 3 Suspect Ethics As prior noticed a few researchers have questioned the morals of workforce decent variety and battle that its distinguishing proof as a goal repudiates an association's moral commitment to recruit representatives based on legitimacy, capabilities and potential. The previously mentioned models for up-and-comer choice is out and out a moral commitment which firms owe their partners, work competitors, society and the economy everywhere (Mujtaba, 2006). According to the expressed contention, firms owe their partners, also the economies inside which they work, an obligation to act as per best practices rules. It further owes work applicants a moral obligation to recognize the more exemplary and qualified among them. At the point when assorted variety turns into the target, competitors are not chosen by merit and,

Analysis of market and arrangement of production Essay

Examination of market and plan of creation - Essay Example ated that the oil and gas fluid yield will remain close to 3.54 mn b/d constantly 2011 however the nation has siphoned about 3.67 mn b/d a year ago. Oil utilization in China is relied upon to increment by 28% by 2011. Accordingly the import of oil is relied upon to be 5.85 mn b/d by 2011. The general business condition for oil and gas is respectably alluring from a territorial point of view in light of the fact that political hazard is overpowered by a solid and continuing development of interest for vitality. There is a positive hold for universal oil and gas organizations to partake in this serious market. Monetary hazard is moderate and administrative standards are set to gain ground. China is a significant country in Asia for long, medium and transient oil and gas development and request that pulls in vitality segment financial specialists (The China Oil and Gas Report 2008.) The Chinese oil and gas showcase conducts exercises of capacity, refining, investigation, creation, transportation, advancement and advertising (King,2008). With enlarged power for greater oil make and new premise of vitality, chances to spend in oil and gas business are developing. Uncovering of new wellsprings of oil and gas just as people anxious to risk their money is basic to the oil and gas industry. Oil organizations are in need of lenders to subsidize investigate, for the development of new advancements, and the chase of new sources (Richards) China is presently a net merchant of oil. It devours about 5,000,000 barrels of oil for each day. Out of this prerequisite, 33% is imported. It is normal that China will devour 7,000,000 barrels for every day constantly 2020. taking into account the previously mentioned gauges government supported gatherings have begun working for concocting goals here. One of the primary plans figured is in the region of advertising oil and gas items (PETROCHEMICALS, CHEMICALS, OIL and GAS INDUSTRYWORKING GROUP.) The estimating gadget has been correspondingly proceeding towards semi changed bazaar esteem

Essays About Yourself For College - Use a Stem Statement to Begin Your Essay

Essays About Yourself For College - Use a Stem Statement to Begin Your EssayExposing yourself to an essay on yourself can be a powerful tool in your studies. You can use a thesis statement as a starting point, but before you even begin to write it, there are several other techniques that can help to strengthen the ideas you have already.Writing essays about yourself for college is also known as 'self-study.' There are many ways that you can go about this. One of the most simple is to write down your interests, and then expand on them in your essays about yourself for college.There are many different types of interests that can make your essays interesting. Some examples of these could include things like sports, animals, religion, or politics. By expanding on your interests you will be able to better express your own opinions about a variety of subjects. This is especially useful for writing essays about yourself for college if you want to write about them in an original way.In addit ion to the many different kinds of interests you can explore, you should also research the subjects you are interested in by reading books on those subjects. Reading different books on the subject can give you great insight into the process of writing and may cause you to think about some things that you had not thought of before. This is particularly useful if you are a writer. If you are not a writer, but still want to take your career as a step forward, you may want to read about the craft of writing.If you are in college, you may also find that writing your own essays about yourself for college will open up opportunities for you. Many colleges, and even some high schools, give out essays for their students, and you may want to look into doing this. You can write your own essays about yourself for college and you can also get a free degree!By taking a variety of different areas of interest and researching them you will be able to produce a well-written essay on yourself for colle ge. Researching outside of your own area of interest will allow you to write with better tone and will allow you to communicate your thoughts clearly. A good rule of thumb is to write about topics that you are familiar with, but you should always be sure to research new ideas.The essay should be written in a way that will allow it to be read by the instructor. To do this, you should first write the essay at a normal level of fluency and then move on to a more formal style of writing. This will allow the instructor to assess how well you understood the essay in the context of your class. This will also show that you were serious about studying for the class, and that you understand what is being discussed in the essay.Finally, when you are writing essays about yourself for college you should include topics that will apply to the general population. These include such things as local events, political stances, and popular ideas.

Hamlet As A Comedy, Witness The Dark Humor - 1477 Words

While Hamlet is considered a tragedy the humor that is displayed can change it from a tragedy to a tragi-comedy. Hamlet has been called one of William Shakespeare’s greatest works (Draudt, 85). Death is sad but the dark humor gives it a different satire to the event. The language of the play is used to create comedy with wit that is meant to be pleasing to the audience and define what kind of characters are in the play. Hamlet the person plays many parts the clown, the fool and the madman. Hamlet is his own dramatis persons within an ironic tragic-comedy mocking the corrupt court of Denmark (Lamont, 382). Dark humor is the kind of comedy that does not embody criticism of human folly; it embraces imagination and human freedom (Thompson, 219). This essay is designed to give a brief synopsis for the reader to see Hamlet as a comedy, witness the dark humor. The emotions involved in the heroic plot are due to the nature of the tragi-comedy that has two distinct components. The first is usurpation and the second is the invasion or threat/defense/death. The usurpation involves the rightful leader being removed from his position of authority illegitimately. The ruler is sent into exile and nearly dies, is the most common form of this plot. The invasion focuses on the conflict with in the society, the royal family (Hogan, 35). Hogan’s theory of a tragic-comedy outlines why and how Hamlet is a comedy. One of Hamlet’s good characteristics is that he is subtle and constant abilityShow MoreRelatedComedy and Tragedy According to Aristotle1912 Words   |  8 PagesComedy and Tragedy | |      Ã‚  Ã‚   Comedy   Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Aristotle (who speculates on the matter in his Poetics), ancient comedy originated with the komos, a curious and improbable spectacle in which a company of festive males apparently sang, danced, and cavorted rollickingly around the image of a large phallus.   (If this theory is true, by the way, it gives a whole new meaning to the phrase stand-up routine.)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Accurate or not, the linking of the origins of comedy to some sort of phallicRead MoreAN ANALYSIS PAPER ON ANTON CHEKHOV’S THE SEAGULL AND THE CHERRY ORCHARD12092 Words   |  49 Pages15,1904, in Badenweiler, Germany. As a writer, Anton Chekhov explored many styles and genres of literature, but he is recognized mostly as a playwright and an author of short stories; in terms of genre, he generally preferred a mixture of drama and comedy, often classified as tragicomedy. Today, Anton Chekhov is widely recognized for his immense contributions to both the theatre and the modern short story. (Kirk, 1992) For Chekhov’s influence as a playwright, it was stated by Hingley (1987) that â€Å"heRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesto create humor, as caricatures. As in the case in many of Dickens’ novels, they often serve as convenient vehicles for humour and satire. These characters and their deeds are always predict able and never vary. Flat characters are usually minor actors in the novels and stories in which they appear, but not always so. Flat characters have much in common with the kind of stock characters who appear again and again in certain types of literary works: e.g., the rich uncle of domestic comedy, the hard-boiledRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesending in a consolation. Originally it included mournful love poems, such as John Donne’s elegies. 27. ellipsis: deliberate omission of a word or of words which are readily implied by the context. †¢ And he to England shall along with you. from Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 3 †¢ Red light means stop; a green light, go. 28. end rhyme: rhymes that occur at the ends of lines 29. end-stopped line: a line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation. 30. fixed form: a poem in whichRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesdone. In addition to academic classes, Langston lettered in track and field events. Langston became best friends with Sartur Andrzejewski, the son of a Polish immigrant. Large, blonde, and square jawed, he contrasted with Hughes, who was small, dark, and wiry. Mrs. Andrzejewski often invited Langston to eat supper with her family. After school, the boys worked as volunteers at Karamu House, a settlement house set up to help tend to the children of the working poor, that was operated by RussellRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesconflict, and that if you exhibit emotion you are likely to act irrationally. One team of authors argues that displaying emotions such as sadness to the point of crying is so toxic to a career that we should leave the room rather than allow others to witness it.29 These perspectives suggest the demonstration or even experience of emotions can make us seem weak, brittle, or irrational. However, research is increasingly showing that em otions are actually critical to rational thinking.30 There has been evidence

Lawyer To Killer. “We Serial Killers Are Your Sons, We

Lawyer to Killer â€Å"We serial killers are your sons, we are you husbands, we are everywhere. And there will be more of your children dead tomorrow.† said Ted Bundy, the mass serial killer whom found his killings as a passion, not a crime. With an unsteady childhood, not knowing the truth behind the secrets, and being obsessed with the media, these motives appear to be the drive behind the mass killings of Ted Bundy. Ted Bundy justifies as a human monster due to his crimes as a serial killer while demonstrating the importance of a nurturing environment, substantiating that real human monsters are more dreadful and fear provoking than those mentioned in fiction, such as Patrick Bateman. Ted Bundy was born in Burlington, Vermont in†¦show more content†¦Once comfortable, he would eventually become talkative and less shy. While in college, he formed a relationship with a girl from Florida who attended college the same college as him. They later broke up after a long and hard two year re lationship. After his breakup is when the public started to notice girls missing where he was located, nothing but a coincidence at the time. His victims resembled his girlfriend in ways such as attractive, long dark hair, and smart. â€Å"Bundy killed as many as 50 young women in Utah, Washington, Idaho, Colorado, and Florida from 1973 to 1978, making Bundy one of the most grotesquely prolific serial killers† (Lamar). He had four trials before his execution and later, leaving his victims’ families at peace with knowing their relatives killer is gone. According to Jacob Lamar, â€Å"In December 1977, while jailed in Colorado awaiting trial for the murder of a nurse, Bundy asked policemen which state would be most likely to execute a killer. Florida, he was told. He soon escaped from jail and headed for the Sunshine State† (Lamar). Bundy escaped jail by â€Å"losing 30 pounds to fit through a small opening he had made in the ceiling of his cell and climbing out. Authorities did not notice this missing of Bundy from his cell until 15 hours later, giving Bundy plenty of time to run and escape† (Biography.com Editors). When Bundy arrived to Florida he â€Å"consumed the name Christopher Hagen† (â€Å"Bundy, Ted ,†). While being onShow MoreRelatedTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer1415 Words   |  6 PagesTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer Americans were shocked in the 1970s when authorities began reporting a string of disappearances of young women from Washington, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Florida and Oregon. The man behind these crimes was Theodore (Ted) Bundy. Many people still consider him to be one of the most notorious serial killers of all time and was once one of the FBI’s most wanted. He was officially tied to 36 murders, however he is believed to have committed more than one hundred. TheRead MoreWhat Makes a Criminal?734 Words   |  3 Pagesseen everywhere in the world today. There are many types of crimes, from speeding, to stealing, on up to being a serial killer. How is a criminal created? Where and how does this criminal behavior begin? This quote shows how we all are innocent until something triggers them to do an act of deviance: â€Å"Humans-are-fond-of-structures. But sometimes, those structures become shackles, and we get trapped in them.†(Poposki). Society today plays a big part in how people become criminals. Being rejected asRead MoreAmericas First Serial Killers2909 Words   |  12 PagesFORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY | H.H HOLMES | AMERICAS FIRST SERIAL KILLER | | Kevin Hutter | 10/20/2011 | H.H HOLMES, THE FIRST AMERICAN SERIAL KILLER, IN THE FOLLOW RESEARCH PAPER WE WILL BE LOOKING AT PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIS CRIMES TROUGH HIS EARLY CHILDHOOD TILL HIS EXECUTION IN THE LATE 1800’S | Herman Webster Mudgett, better known under the alias of Dr. Henry Howard Holmes, was one of the first documented American serial killers in the modern sense of the term. Mudgett was bornRead More The Life of Serial Killer, Theodore Robert Bundy Essay3254 Words   |  14 Pagesone of the most famous serial killers of our time: Ted Bundy.    __________background__________ Theodore Robert Bundy was born November 24th, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont. His mother, Louise Cowell, was twenty-one when she gave birth to him. The only thing that Ted knew about his father was that he was in the armed forces. Ted was raised to the age of four by his grandparents, who had his last name legally changed from Cowell to Nelson. Soon after, Louise moved with her son to Tacoma, WashingtonRead MoreAnalysis Of Daniel Orozco s Orientation 1034 Words   |  5 Pagesstory when the narrator begins the orientation: Those are the offices and these are the cubicles...This is your phone. Never answer your phone. Let the Voicemail System answer it. This is your Voicemail System Manual. There are no personal phone calls allowed. We do, however, allow for emergencies. If you must make an emergency phone call, ask your supervisor first. If you can’t find your supervisor, ask Phillip Spiers, who sit over there. He’ll check with Clarissa Nicks, who sits over there. IfRead MoreTed Bundy : A Case3268 Words   |  14 Pagesrising politician, a crisis hotline volunteer, a law student, and the charming boy next door. He was also a deranged sociopath, a cannibal, and was suspected of murdering 100 women in the 20th century. 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We all know that each computer has its own unique physical information, such as IP address which is the useful basic information of computer, subnet mask and also can track a computer by detecting the DNS (Domain Name System). These physical informationRead MoreThe Hours : A Time Frame That Is Changed With The Speed Of Sound Essay1976 Words   |  8 Pagesof clarity. It was Mark Twain that declared â€Å"The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why.† The latter is never as simple as it sounds. The hours shift to months, and the months shift to years. Time flies by as life is lived. The years you spend in adolescence are so sentimentalized by society, and yet so far from a time to be glamorized. Between finding the purpose of your birth whilst trying to keep pace with the world as it changes around you, and

Australia Is A Small Open Economy - 1428 Words

Australia is a small open economy situated in the South Pacific with a population of 24,012,901 (ABS 2016). Australia is classified as a mixed market economy because although the private market makes most economic decisions, government intervention modifies this behaviour through its legislative powers as this gives confindence to government powers to change economic decisions and make it a rule to the people of that country. The People’s Republic of China, with a population of 1.295 billion people (2003), when contrasted to Australia is a much larger economy with a Gross Domestic Product of US$1,000Billion more than Australia’s. China is located to the North of Australia in Asia. In terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) China, with a GDP of US$1657.6 Billion (2004), has a much larger economy than Australia with just over one third the size of China’s at only US$622.7 Billion (2004). Australia’s real GDP growth as a percentage change year on year from 1999-2004 averaged 3.45% and was highest in 1999 at 4.3%. Since Australia is an Advanced Industrialised Economy it has a relatively low inflation rate compared to China which is a Developing Economy with an average growth year on year from 1999-2003 at 8.2% with a peak at 9.4% in 2004. Table 1 ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR AUSTRALIA AND CHINA (2007-2014) (ABS, 2014) Economic Indicator Australia China GDP (US Billion 2004) 622.7 1,657.6 GDP per capita ($US) 30,695 1,270 Exports (% of GDP) 18.6% 34.5% Imports (% of GDP) 22.2%Show MoreRelatedAnalyse the effects of domestic and global free trade and protection policies on the Australian economy1144 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Analyse the effects of domestic and global free trade and protection policies on the Australian economy Free trade is the unrestricted purchase and sale of goods and services between countries without the imposition of protection such as tariffs and quotas. 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Modernization of NTUC Income free essay sample

NTUC Income’s process started with various customer meeting and agent filling the paper form and many other steps which was very long and tedious but after migrating a fully digital system, it includes customer centric design barcode technology which minimize the downtime occurrence but it also face problems such as paper policies compromising data retrieving problem etc. But it also got benefits such as efficient retrieval data, high pace electronic mass storage system etc. Finally we can say that NTUC Income enriched their working system in such way that there is no possibility to create further problems in future. Introduction NTUC Income is a life and general insurance company based in Singapore. It is one of the Big Three insurers with a significant share of the local motor insurance market. It is an organization that was made different right from the start with an initial capital of $1. 2 million. It is a co-operative insurance society formed in 1970, was initiated by Dr Goh Kang Swee during the Modernization of the Labor Movement seminar on 18 November 1969. Today, it has matured into a leading insurer and progressive organization with close to 2 million policyholders placing their trust in us and assets at $19. billion. Its insurance plans benefit large numbers of Singaporeans from all strata of society, and the company supports the community through financial contributions to the labor movement, charities and other worthy causes. The insurer employs about 3400 insurance advisors and 1200 office staff with the majority located across an eight branch network. On June 1, 2003, Income succeeded in the migration of its legacy insurance system. The Herculean task required not only the upgrading of hardware and applications, it also required Income to streamline its decade-old business processes and IT practices. Question No. 1. What were the problems faced by Income in this case? How were the problems resolved by the new digital system? In the past, NTUC Income, which has over a million insurance policy holders, processes were very tedious and paper-based. The entire insurance process started with customers meeting an agent, filling in forms and submitting documents. The agent would then submit the forms at branches, from where they were sent by couriers to the Office Services department. The collection schedule could introduce delays of two to three days. Office Services would log documents, sort them, and then send them to departments for underwriting. Proposals were allocated to underwriting staff, mostly randomly. Accepted proposals were sent for printing at the Computer Services department and then redistributed. For storage, all original documents were packed and sent to warehouses where, over two to three days, a total of seven staff would log and store the documents. In all, paper policies comprising 45 million documents were stored in over 16,000 cartons at three warehouses. Whenever a document needed to be retrieved, it would take about two days to locate and ship it by courier. Refilling would again take about two days. So the processes were complicated and the result was waste of space and time, which leads in waste of money. The digital system can solve both of these problems and it cost 1/3 of the â€Å"paper–based† cost. Question No. 2. What types of information systems and business processes were used by Income before migrating to the fully digital system? Until a few years ago NTUC Income insurance uses a very traditional business process. Their process was very tedious and paper based and it takes five steps to complete the process. The steps are- st-The process started with customers meeting an agent, filling the paper forms and submitting documents. 2nd-Then the agent would submit the forms at branches, from where they were sent by couriers to the office services department. 3rd-After two to three days the couriers were received by the services department. Then the services would log documents, sort them and then send them to the depa rtment for underwriting. Proposals were allocated to underwriting staff, mostly randomly. 4th-Accepted proposals were sent for printing at the computer services department and then redistributed. th-At the end of the process all original documents were packed and sent to ware houses. Where, over two to three days, total of seven staff would log and store the documents. After the process complete, whenever a document needed to be retrieved, it would take about two days to locate and ship it courier refilling again take about two days. NTUC Income use HP 3000 to host the core insurance application as well as the accounting and management information system. The HP 3000 is a line of midrange computers which Hewlett-Packard first released in 1972 and which has been constantly updated and sold since then. All HP 3000 computers run the proprietary MPE operating system and come with the rock solid Turbo IMAGE database. Question No. 3. Describe the information systems and IT infrastructure at income after migrating to the fully digital system. It changed in June 2003, when income switched to the java based eBao lifestyle from eBao technology. The software comprised three subsystems- Policy Administration, Sales management and supplementary resources. This system had- 1. Customer Centric Design. 2. Seamless integration with Imaging. 3. Barcode Technology. 4. A product definition module that supports new products, new channels and changes in business processes. Implementation work started in September 2002 and the project was completed in nine months. By may 2003, All the customization, data migration of income’s individual and group life insurance businesses and training were completed. The new system was immediately operation on high availability platform. All applications resided on two or more servers, each connected by two or more communication lines. All of which were ‘loud balanced’. This robust architecture minimized downtime occurrence due to hardware on operating system failure. Question No. 4. What benefits did Income reap from the new system? After going through the whole case study, we have found a significant change in the IT infrastructure of NTUC Income and come to know some crucial benefits that Income has experienced. Firstly, the very long and tedious and paper-based processes were substituted by computer-based eBao Life System which reduced the total time for policy opening dramatically to a minimum level. Also the floor-based data storage system was replaced by high pace electronic mass storage system which has made the company a much better and faster performing concern. Secondly, moving from eBao Technology to eBao Life System was extremely lucrative for the firm. It facilitated so efficient retrieval of data that it was possible to access data of any time period in contrast to the previous system of access to only preceding day data by any of its authorized employees. Again, the breakdown of software into three subsystems- Policy Administration, Sales Management and Supplementary Resources opened new product development possibilities, new channels and charges and new horizons for Income. Thirdly, the new system was immediately operational on high-availability platforms which were equipped by all up-to-date hardware components and internet connections among its workstations. Moreover, the implementation of disaster-recovery centre protected the organization from any accidental data loss. In addition, the implementation of eBao Life System ensured the access of about 500 office staff and 3400 insurance advisors to the system anytime and anywhere with faster access to information. This helped the company to monitor its management more efficiently and serve the customers individual priority and customized needs. Finally, the summary of the benefits of eBao Life System as commented by the former CEO of Income Mr. Tan Kin Lian is â€Å"eBao Life System has the best straight through processing workflow and it is very flexible. It cuts our new product launch time from months to days. It also allows us to support agents, brokers, and customers to do online services easily. I got a fantastic deal: the best system with much lower cost and much shorter implementation time. I have to say that this is a revolution. † So, we can say that NTUC Income got quite a certain number of benefits from the new system, which made life even better and easier. Question No. 5. How well is income prepared for the future? Are the problems described in the case likely to be repeated? NTUC income has created powerful establishment for future . In spite of all drawbacks in past they overcome their weakness through the execution of eBao technology, which gives them a new dimension of system. Before the implementation of java based eBao life system, NTUC Income faced lots of troubles in core insurance applications, accounting, and management information system. Those troubles appeared as if the backup was not completed data would be lost, in case any hardware crashes reconciliation took several months to restore the data . It also experienced three major hardware failures it also took huge time to launch a product , it formed problem for the agents and advisors regarding to access information . All those problems came to an end when Income implemented eBay technology through the java based eBao life system , which they consider everything for them . this eBao system changed the way they worked . income restored its IT infrastructure by upgrading their system through increasing PC RAM size ,installing scanner and hardware etc which also helps them to store more data and to scan documents ,they also implemented hot back up disaster recovery center so that data cannot be lost easily and remain stored in the storage and they do not need to depend on restoration of previous day data . nder the new system , all document stored as well on â€Å"trusted† storage device , it crates easy way to access the information for the agents and advisors . Because of eBao technology Income enriched their working system and established it in such away, which has no possibilities to create further problems in future. Conclusion Trade union membership, especially for industrialized country , has been declining over the past years. This is largely due the structural changes caused by globalization and the rapid changes in technologies. Trade unions in Singapore also faced similar challenges. In order for trade unions to stay relevant, unions must continuously adapt to effectively meet the expectations of different types of workers, regardless of age, collar and race. NTUC and trade unions have a promising future ahead if they have a better understanding of the economy and the needs of the workers. Furthermore, unions must not only continue to do what they have been doing over the years but use various innovative strategies and tactics to reach out to the new emerging generations. NTUC Income will continue to provide a better life for its policyholders and the community through innovative insurance plans and services. The co-operative will strive for excellent customer care through its staff and insurance advisers. By using technology effectively, we aim to reduce costs and pass the savings to policyholders through lower premiums. Reference List †¢ Kenneth C. Laudon Jane P. Laudon, Management Information Systems Managing the Digital Firm 11th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. †¢ http://www. icrosoft. com/singapore/mssg_docs/1703. aspx †¢ http://essaysforstudent. com/Business/Ntuc/21763. html †¢ http://www. income. com. sg/insurance/iTerm/index. asp †¢ http://www. papercamp. com/group/modernization-of-ntuc-income-case-study/page-690 †¢ http://www. income. com. sg/insurance/financialplanning. asp †¢ http://www. ebaotech. com/en/news/200306_en. shtml †¢ http://www. income. com. sg/insurance/iTerm/index. asp †¢ http://w ww. income. com. sg/PSD/termsofuse. html †¢ http://www. income. com. sg/homepage. asp

A basic study of pricing to market The WritePass Journal

A basic study of pricing to market Introduction A basic study of pricing to market IntroductionDefinition and theories about PTMEmpirical evidence of PTMConclusion:ReferenceRelated Introduction Exchange rate is always changing, which can cause different relative price of traded goods among countries. However, when firms adopt PTM (pricing to market), price of trading goods does not change with the exchange rate, That may result in deviation from purchasing power parity theory. Many aspect of economy such as consumption, welfare distribution will change according to this behavior. This paper tries to illustrate the meaning and the effect of PTM with some theory and empirical evidence. Definition and theories about PTM Pricing to market(PTM) is a new definition emerged in mid-1980s.During that period ,US dollar has experienced a strong appreciation. However, it has been noticed that the price of import commodities in the US did not decrease according to the exchange rate changes. PTM represent the phenomenon of foreign firms maintaining or even increasing their export price when the currency of the importer country rises. (Krugman,1987) .PTM can also be understand as export firms set price of trading goods in local currency instead of adjust the price according to the exchange rate. The international evidence shows that the pricing to market behavior and exchange-rate pass through is often interpreted as consistent with local currency price stability. This kind of price discrimination behavior does not only affect the price of traded goods, but also influences various kinds of price rigidities. (Alexius and Vredin,1999) Pick and Cater(1994) explain that the reasons for PTM behaviors. Firms prefer to keep stable prices in foreign markets that have fluctuating exchange rates may exercise this preference by exerting market power. It may result from the demand elasticity: As the importing countrys currency appreciates, the import price falls and demand increases. However, when the exporter does not have the ability to adjust the raised demand for its goods, the extend of currency appreciation will not completely reflect in the price of trading commodities. In addition, there is also implication that shocks to national market conditions, such as exogenous changes in the exchange rate, can generate deviations between the prices that firms charge in each market. ( Bergin,2003) At last, PTM may simply because that exporting firm want to keep competitive: many firms in these countries are said to have followed pricing policies designed to keep export prices competitive despite changes in exchange rates.(Mars ton,1990) Literatures about PTM are generally based on models. In pricing to market modelsfrom the work of Betts and Devereux(1996), they adapt a model that firms produce different products to export to different countries, besides, firms can set different exporting prices for different destinations. They learn from the result of the model that the increase in the fluctuation of exchange rate arising from PTM may be very large by doing a simple quantitative exercise based on the estimated degree of PTM in international trade. That’s to say, when firms engage in PTM, when a country face with money shocks, the effects of this shocks are quite different compare with the traditional exchange rate models in which prices are set in the currency of the exporter. What’s more, PTM plays a central role in exchange rate determination and in international macroeconomic fluctuations. It acts to limit the pass-through from exchange rate changes to prices, and reduces the traditional ‘â⠂¬Ëœexpenditure switching’’ role o exchange rate changes. (Betts and Deuereux,2000) Implications of PTM for PPP A direct implication of the PTM hypothesis is the low pass-through from the exchange rate to prices, and the resultant failure of the relative PPP to hold in the short and intermediate-runs.(Aizenman,2004) PPP(purchasing power parity) is a conception widely used in international economy. The basic idea about PPP is when consumers purchase identical products in any market worldwide, the quantity of money should be the same when measured in one currency (Hallwood and MacDonald, 2000). Applied to aggregate price data, purchasing power parity is the hypothesis that the import prices that of one country to purchase another countrys goods should move one-for-one with the producer prices for goods in those countries that are the sources of those imports when all of these prices are expressed in a common currency. (Atkeson and Burstein,2008) When firms and producers applied PTM, many aspect of the country’s economy will different from the PPP holders. From the analysis of model in Betts and Deuereux(2000),the implications of PTM to PPP can be conclude as follows: The most obvious implication of PTM is the price volatility. Actually, if there is no price rigidity, the law-of one- price would be available for all kinds of products, and PPP would hold generally, even though there is still exist some extend of international market segmentation. However, if sticky local-currency prices hold, changes in the exchange rate will result in deviations from the law-of-one-price. While when complete PTM applied, the exchange rate will play a different role in the LOOP environment, relative prices of importer and exporters will not be affected by the fluctuation of exchange rate. but it has an impact on relative incomes. If export prices are set in foreign currency, when a depreciation happened in this currency. The home currency earnings of home firms will increase, at the same time, foreign firms’ foreign currency earnings will decrease at given production levels. Thus a depreciation generates a world redistribution of income towards the home coun try, which raises home consumption relative to foreign consumption. This occurs without the influence of relative price changes. (Betts and Deuereux,2000) PTM have a positive effect on promoting the real exchange rate movements: the larger of the PTM sector is, the lower effect of a money shock will the country get. Say a country faced with a money shock which will result in a depreciation of the currency, if PTM holds in a large sector, the impact on reallocation of spending away from domestic goods consumption towards foreign goods will be reduce to a large extend. The reason for this maybe the exchange rate is response to depreciation, however, this kind of currency price change would not affect the domestic market. PTM acts to limit the pass-through from exchange rate changes to prices, and reduces the traditional ‘‘expenditure switching’’ role of exchange rate changes. Nominal price stickiness associated with PTM magnifies the response of the exchange rate to shocks to fundamentals. (Betts and Deuereux,1996) The effect of monetary policies varies from cooperative firms and non-cooperative firms: at first, this need to be confirm that there is always a gain from coopperation, and secondly, that the gain reaches a maximum at the polar cases of no and full pricing to market since in these cases the movement in the terms of trade and thus the welfare spill-over is at a maximum in the non-cooperative setting. (Michaelis,2006) Empirical evidence of PTM As a common strategy of international firms, PTM behavior are widely used all over the world. By investigating data from those firms, we can get the empirical effect of pricing to market. Gil-Pareja(2002) investigated PTM behavior in European car markets during 1993 and 1998. He found that local currency price stability is a strong and pervasive phenomenon across products independent of the invoicing currency. In fact, there are large gaps among the automobile retail prices across EU Member States since the early 1980s, which is deviated from the law-of-one-price. (Gil-Paraja,2002) After analyze and compare the data of different EU countries, it can be easily conclude that the strategy tries to avoid the effect of changes in exchange rate changes is just in order to make the profits across segmented markets be maxime. Exporting firm will get the highest expected profits under exchange rate uncertainty by setting price of the importer’s currency. Since early 1980s, Japanese yen has experienced a depreciation. Marston(1990) has investigated pricing to market by Japanese firms from 1980 to 1987. He explores how Japanese firms responded to shifts in the real exchange rate by varying the prices of their exports relative to prices of products destined for the domestic market. The estimation distinguishes between inadvertent but temporary changes in these margins due to exchange rate surprises and planned changes associated with PTM behavior; He found there is overwhelming evidence that export-domestic price margins are systematically varied to help Japanese firms protect their competitive position. (Marston,1990) According to the exporter in UK, how is export pricing affected by other firm specific or contextual environmental variables such as export experience of the firm, degree of export development, type and intensity of market competition among others. The extend of PTM is based on variable of elements such as the industry le vel, the information and the like.( Tzokas et al.,2000) Conclusion: Pricing to market make the price of international trading goods free from the fluctuation of exchange rate, as a result, PPP no longer hold in those countries which applied PTM. Theories, as well as empirical evidence suggest that PTM has a strong implication of consumption and welfare distribution. It is a effective way for international co operations to avoid the negative influence of exchange rate fluctuation. But the extend of PTM is varias among different counties and industries. Reference Aizenman.J.  (2004) .â€Å"Endogenous  pricing  to  market  and 1inancing costs  Ã‚  Original Research Article†.Journal of Monetary Economics,  Volume 51, Issue 4,  PP 691-712 Alexius.A,  Vredin.A.(1999).â€Å"Pricing-to-Market in Swedish Exports†.The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 101, No. 2 pp. 223-239 Atkeson.A,  Burstein.A.(2008).â€Å"Pricing-to-Market, Trade Costs, and International Relative Prices†.The American Economic Review, Vol. 98, No. 5, pp. 1998-2031 Bergin. P. R, 1eenstra.R.C. (2001). â€Å"Pricing-to-market, staggered contracts, and real exchange rate persistence  Ã‚  Original Research Article†. Journal of International Economics,  Volume 54, Issue 2,  Ã‚  PP 333-359 Bergin. P. R.(2003).â€Å"A model of relative national price levels under  pricing  to  market  Ã‚  Original Research Article†. European Economic Review,  Volume 47, Issue 3, PP569-586 Betts.C, Devereux. M.B. (2000) .â€Å"Exchange rate dynamics in a model of  pricing-to-market  Ã‚  Original Research Article†.Journal of International Economics,  Volume 50, Issue 1,  Ã‚  PP 215-244 Betts.C, Devereux.M.B.  (1996) .â€Å"The exchange rate in a model of  pricing-to-market  Ã‚  Original Research Article†. European Economic Review,  Volume 40, Issues 3-5,  PP 1007-1021 Gil-Pareja.S. (2003).â€Å"Pricing  to  market  behaviour in European car  markets  Ã‚  Original Research Article†.European Economic Review,  Volume 47, Issue 6,  Ã‚  PP 945-962 Hallwood. P ,MacDonald. R. (2000) â€Å"International Money and Finance†, 3rd ed.Blackwell. Krugman, P. (1986), â€Å"Pricing to Markets when exchange rate changes†, In: Arndt, S.W., Richardson,J.D. (Eds.), Real-financial Linkages among Open Economies. MIT Press, Cambridge. Mark, N. (2001) â€Å"International Macroeconomics and Finance†, Blackwell. Marston. R. C. (1989) â€Å" Pricing to Market in Japanese Manufacturing†. Journal of International Economics, 29(3), PP 217-236. Michaelis. J.(2006). â€Å"Optimal monetary policy in the presence o1  pricing-to-market  Ã‚  Original Research Article†.Journal of Macroeconomics,  Volume 28, Issue 3,  Ã‚  PP 564-584 Patureau.L.(2007).â€Å"Pricing-to-market, limited participation and exchange rate dynamics  Ã‚  Original Research Article†.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,  Volume 31, Issue 10,  Ã‚  PP 3281-3320 Pick. D H,   Carter. C A. (1994). â€Å"Pricing to Market with Transactions Denominated in a Common Currency†.American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 55-60 Sarno, L. Taylor, M.P. (2002), new open-economy of macroeconomics. In The economics of exchange rate, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tzokas.N, Hart.S, Argouslidis.P ,Saren.M.  (2000), â€Å"Strategic  pricing  in export  markets: empirical evidence from the UK  Ã‚  Original Research Article†. International Business Review,  Volume 9, Issue f,  PP 95-117

Qué hacer cuando el pasaporte se extravía en el correo

Quà © hacer cuando el pasaporte se extravà ­a en el correo Si has solicitado un pasaporte americano y no te llega, es posible que simplemente sea una demora normal o que se trate de un extravà ­o.  ¿Cà ³mo saberlo y quà © hacer? En este artà ­culo se se trata   del caso especà ­fico en el que se ha pedido el pasaporte, por primera vez o en una renovacià ³n, y el gobierno lo envà ­a pero no se recibe. Es muy diferente al supuesto en el que sà ­ se recibe y posteriormente se extravà ­a o lo roban, en los Estados Unidos o en el extranjero. En este à ºltimo caso el procedimiento a seguir es diferente.   En cunto tiempo deberà ­a llegar el pasaporte al buzà ³n de correo La respuesta es depende de si lo has tramitado regularmente o de urgencia -y pagado por este servicio rpido. En todo caso puedes verificar por internet cà ³mo est tu tramitacià ³n en la pgina de check status U.S. Passport del Departamento de Estado. Deja pasar al menos 5 dà ­as desde que llenaste la aplicacià ³n. Adems, en esa pgina puedes enrolarte gratuitamente para recibir actualizaciones por email sobre la tramitacià ³n de tu pasaporte.   Si tu pasaporte aparece como enviado y no lo recibes despuà ©s de un tiempo de espera prudencial, lo primero que debe hacer es contactar con el National Passport Information Center marcando al 1-877-487-2778.Las personas con problemas de audicià ³n pueden llamar al 1-888-874-7793. Allà ­ te confirmarn si efectivamente ha sido emitido y enviado. Tienes que preguntar y anotar la fecha en la que se emitià ³ y la direccià ³n del lugar en la que se tramità ³. Esta informacià ³n la vas a necesitar a continuacià ³n. Cà ³mo reportar que el pasaporte se ha extraviado por correo Debes llenar la planilla DS-86 (Statement of non-receip of a passport) y marcar la casilla apropiada al documento que se ha extraviado: un pasaporte propiamente dicho (U.S. Passport book) o una tarjeta de pasaporte. Una vez completada y firmada debes enviarla a la direccià ³n del lugar donde se tramità ³ tu pasaporte (y que te dijeron en la llamada telefà ³nica que has hecho). No dejes que pasen ms de 90 dà ­as desde la fecha en la que el pasaporte fue emitido, segà ºn te confirmaron al llamar al National Passport Information Center. Si dejas pasar ms de tres meses, tendrs que aplicar como si se tratase de una solicitud nueva y volver a pagar la cuota correspondiente. No olvides incluir con la planilla DS-86 una fotocopia muy nà ­tida de un I.D. en el que conste su nombre y su foto, como por ejemplo la licencia de manejar emitida por un estado de USA. Por à ºltimo, si el pasaporte extraviado era a nombre de un menor de 16 aà ±os, deber firmar su padre, madre o persona que legalmente tenga su guardia y custodia. En estos casos, el nià ±o no tiene que poner su rà ºbrica. Quà © sucede una vez que se reporta el extravà ­o Una vez que se reporta que el pasaporte se ha extraviado por correo, se registrar esa informacià ³n en el Sistema consular de pasaportes extraviados. Eso quiere decir que queda inmediatamente sin validez. Consecuentemente, la persona que intente usar un pasaporte incluido en ese sistema puede ser detenida.  ¿Quà © debes hacer si el pasaporte finalmente aparece? Puede suceder que recibas en su buzà ³n de correos el pasaporte cuyo extravà ­o ya has reportado. En este caso es muy importante que no lo utilices. La razà ³n es que ha sido anulado informticamente. Si lo intentas usar para entrar o salir de Estados Unidos puedes ser detenido, multado e incluso condenado a pena de prisià ³n. En estos casos lo que debes hacer es: Esperar por el pasaporte nuevo que reemplaza al que previamente denunciaste como extraviado.Contactar inmediatamente con el Centro Nacional de Informacià ³n sobre Pasaportes (1-877-484-2778). Y a continuacià ³n envà ­alo a la direccià ³n que te van a indicar por telà ©fono. Tips sobre ingresar y salir de EEUU para los ciudadanos americanos Si tienes doble nacionalidad de Estados Unidos y de otro paà ­s recuerda que la ley exige que para entrar y salir de USA sà ³lo puedes utilizar el pasaporte americano, no el otro. Si eres ciudadano jams intentes ingresar con tu pasaporte extranjero. Si lo que quieres es cruzar por tierra la frontera con Mà ©xico o con Canad o si llegas en barco desde otro paà ­s del continente americano puedes utilizar otros documentos para ingresar a EEUU como ciudadano americano. Tener en cuenta las reglas para los nià ±os cuando no viajan con sus dos padres y que hay que evitar que se produzcan situaciones que puedan considerarse   como secuestro internacional. Para precisamente evitar este tipo de problemas se requieren reglas especiales para pedir el pasaporte para menores. Y, por à ºltimo, si se quieren evitar las demoras en el control migratorio, existen varias alternativas. Por ejemplo, el programa Global Entry para aeropuertos, o el Sentri para la frontera con Mà ©xico y Nexus, para la canadiense. Si se va a salir de Estados Unidos para vivir por largas temporadas en otro paà ­s Considera enrolarte en el programa STEP del Departamento de Estado, principalmente si viajas a un paà ­s que pasa por una situacià ³n de inestabilidad. Sirve para facilitar a las embajadas y consulados prestar asistencia. Tambià ©n conviene informarse sobre una creencia muy extendida y errà ³nea sobre pà ©rdida de la nacionalidad. Asimismo, conviene tener muy claros los principios que rigen la transmisià ³n de la nacionalidad a los hijos de ciudadanos que viven en otro paà ­s. Y recordar que como estadounidenses se siguen teniendo importantes derechos, como a votar en elecciones federales, como las que se elige al Presidente, o a recibir el cheque de la jubilacià ³n.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

The Importance of Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Importance of Teaching - Essay Example The essay "The Importance of Teaching" analyzes the aim of the government of England to improve the education system by setting high-quality standards in the education system. The key objectives for the development of this paper assist in improving teaching and learning in various schools. To reform initial teaching programs and increasing the time of trainees and time spent in education. The teaching programs need to focus on core teaching skills and promote reading and managing of behaviors among students. To advance a national network of teaching schools with different models that lead to training and professionalism of head teachers and teachers. The system focuses on head teachers and promotes excellent teaching through committing to work and supporting other schools. The aim of the network allows various academic institutions to share professionalism and promote education among different teachers and students. To increase the total number of local leaders, that participates in the promotion of education in diverse communities and localities in England. Increasing a total number of individuals that participate in education developments improves decision-making processes and choices of education standards. The number of national teachers promotes enrollment of stud ents as the importance of teaching and education advances in various institutions. To reduce sharply the Bureau tic burden of different schools, duties, guidance and requirements, processes and cutting away unnecessary obligations.

Self awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self awareness - Essay Example Self esteem is the overall reflection of a person’s emotional worth. I will improve my self esteem by dressing well in public for the next two years before completing my education. This is the importance I attach to dressing. I will double my expenditure in clothing to the tunes of at least three times the initial amount after every three months to achieve self esteem. This is the most essential opportunities applicable to my scenario despite the other avenues being in place. Other opportunities include associating with popular members of the society. Dressing codes have been used to denote not only culture, but ascribed status as well. Therefore, dressing will denote higher self esteem. This will be attained within a period of two years. The attainment of this goal requires me to make savings that will be used to purchase the clothes. The savings will also be a step towards counteracting the obstacle of economic challenges that are unpredictable to people worldwide. This will be useful in preventing the person for relapse; adopting the previous dressing patterns. A dressing course would assist in understanding factors in the environment that make people acquire the particular dressing behaviour. With knowledge of such factors, using dressing to enhance self esteem will be unavoidable. Besides, acquiring some skills as far as funds management is concerned is also significant. In addition, I will do research to find out the requirements for one to consider to be dressing well and steps to take. The efforts required will be analysed critically. With such information, one would assemble all the resources before the actual work begins. Recording all the progress will be quite useful. These records will be evaluated after every three months. This will be critical in assuring that resources are used well, which will subsequently result into the realisation of objectives. Therefore, the planned activities will be adhered to without any violations. The major cha llenge according to this objective will be reverting to the previous dressing behaviour. This challenge would be overcome by consulting those who have undergone the entire procedure of behaviour change, and how they handled the challenges they faced. Besides, advice will be sought on how to integrate such goals with the daily life activities so that nothing is compromised. Step two Research conducted among college students in a university in Nigeria found out that people bought expensive clothes to improve their self esteem. Those who bought expensive clothes agreed that they did so to improve on their self esteem among their friends within the college. Besides, improving myself esteem, expensive clothes offer additional advantages. For example, expensive clothes are fashionable than those that are cheap. In addition, they are very durable a property that makes them to last for a longer duration than the cheap ones. This conforms to a statement in the society that states that cheap is expensive (Karnack, 35). Several approaches will be applied to ensure that my self esteem improves besides buying expensive clothes. These approaches will be used to supplement the expensive clothes that have been bought. The first will be to enhance proper hygiene; it will be a way of enriching my public appearance. In particular, my hair will be kept short and smart. Along with the clean and expensive clothes, this will greatly improve how I am perceived in public. Good hygiene together with wearing expensive clothes can only be recognized when someone identifies a posture that can be regarded as unique. These attributes put together will be crucial in enhancing my esteem (Koop, 45). They seem quite basic, but are essential for developing self esteem. Studies have also found out that untidy people have lower self esteem among themselves. Smartness; thus, brings out the personality in a person. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explains this process aptly. Maslowâ€℠¢

The Count of Monte Cristo Essay Example for Free

The Count of Monte Cristo Essay The novels of Alexander Dumas are favorites of many generations of readers because of his fascinating characters, tangled stories and dynamic plots. One of them, â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† was finished in 1844. Given its brilliant storyline about love and revenge in the 18th century, the novel was brought to life for the first time in 1934 by director Rowland V Lee and skillful actors Robert Donat, Elissa Landi and Sidney Blackmer. However, would it be worth it to do second film based on the same novel? Joe Leydon from Variety believes so. He states his certainty in the director of the remake, Kevin Reynolds who â€Å"proves to be fully on top of his game, infusing the grandly melodramatic permutations of the plot with firm conviction and stylish gusto† (Leydon). The old film from 1934 was given a fresh, new, compelling production in 2003 filled with a lot of breathtaking, uniquely visualized action scenes. The plot in both films is naturally no different. The tranquil life of Edmond Dantes, a 20 years old sailor on the â€Å"Pharaoh† ship, who plans to marry the beautiful Mercedes, is shattered when his friend Fernand wishes the lovely Mercedes for himself. Three other people wish to harm Dantes for different reasons. Danglars is an accountant of the Pharaoh and fears that if Dantes becomes Capitan, he will lose his job because Dantes notices his abuses; young assistant prosecutor De Villefort is afraid that his father’s connections with the dethroned Napoleon might be revealed, and the neighbor of Edmond’s father is jealous of his success. On the eve of Mercedes’s and Edmond’s wedding, Dantes is slandered and accused of being a Bonapartist. He is sent to the d’If castle, a prison fortress not far from Marseilles, without an opportunity to object his sentence. Dantes is informed that he will remain forever in prison. He attempts suicide, but he is unexpectedly saved by the appearance of anothe r prisoner Abbe Faria, who for years has dug tunnels and attempted to escape, but due to erroneous calculations has ended up in Dantes’s cell. The two misfortunates quickly become friends. Abbe Faria is a highly educated individual and discovers who sent Edmond into d’If castle and what their motives were. At that moment, he unwittingly sowed the seeds of revenge in Dantes. For six months, Abbe helps  to educate Edmond in English, German and Spanish and introduces him to math, physics, history and philosophy. After a year of planning their escape, Dantes and Abbe began to dig the tunnel to freedom. Sadly, incurable illness stalls Abbe from fulfilling their plan. Foreseeing his death, the abbot reveals to Edmond his secret treasure hidden on the island of Monte Cristo. When the abbot dies, Dantes takes his place in a body bag and is thrown into the sea instead of the dead Abbe Faria. It is unbelievable he survived. After miraculously managing to escape, he becomes the very wealthy and mysterious Count of Monte Cristo, establishes himself among the French nobility and skillful plans his revenge on everyone who stabbed him in the back. He is overwhelmed by the desire to find and assassinate his enemies, especially Fernand Mondego who married his fiancà ©e and had a child with her. The story of revenge is long, full of action and unexpected plot turns. The Count sneaks past the enemies and discovers their devastating secrets which aid him in devising their suffering deaths. The Count of Monte Cristo first wins the trust of his nemesis’s and manages to get close to them to learn their weaknesses, which will be the cause of their eventual death. Until the last minute of their life none of them realizes the source of their troubles. The transformation of the uneducated, naà ¯ve and kind sailor Edmont Dantes into the wise, aristocrat with a desire for revenge is fascinating. The actor, Jim Caviezel, uses all aspects of acting – mimics, gesture, voice, eyes to describe the transformation. His eyes seem to be the most influential quality of his character. The performance of Jim Caviezel is so capturing it resembles one of the most famous characters in the history of film – Al Pacino in â€Å"The Godfather†. As hard as someone tries to find flaws in the film, they cannot. The direction of Kevin Reynolds is at a very high level without having to use flashy or cheap effects. He knows where to stop a scene, what to do with it, and always picks the most appropriate angle in order to engage viewers in the moment. An example of this is the very first scene in the movie. Second mate Dantes and ship representative Mondego are aboard a sloop to Elba, the island to which Napoleon was banished and guarded. Edmont and Fernand get on shore to seek medical supplies for their dying captain. Upon seeing them, the British horsemen first assume Edmont a nd Fernand are here to free Napoleon. An action scene commences as the British open fire at the two sailors from the â€Å"Pharaoh† ship. The guards  have no intention of listening to or believing what Edmont tries to tell them (that they only seek medical assistance). The unique aspect in â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† is the camera position and rotation which is utilized in the very first scene. The filming is done from above, thus exposing the viewer to entire field on which Edmont and Fernand battle the British troops. The camera rotates around the actors and zooms in on their faces to display the facial expressions as they fight. Dim light from the moon reflects in their sweaty faces. Before we know it, the camera takes us back in the air again, and we can see more British troops quickly approaching in the far distance. Besides from above, cameras are also filming from below (the moment when Napoleon appears). This constant rotation from above to below involves the viewers in the scene. We are completely aware of the location of each character in the moment. After Napoleon â€Å"saves† our brave character seeking help for their dying captain, the former Emperor of France escorts them to the physician. At which point they enter his cabin and we notice the second unique aesthetic element in the movie – darkness. Almost half of the movie is filmed in the dark and usually the only light provided is by the Moon’s reflection (outdoor scenes) and candles (indoor scenes). This aesthetic element helps the viewer experience what lighting might have been like during the Renaissance period. About one fourth of the film takes place in the ghastly chateau d’If which is the absolute perfect example of how to use virtual darkness in scenes. With Dantes’s arrival in d’If castle, we are teleported to his new â€Å"home† for the next 16 years, filled only with darkness and horrid beatings. What do we think of when we hear the word â€Å"darkness†? Fear, death, misery? This is exactly what the director wants us to feel when we are seeing scenes from d’If castle. Fear – from the annual beating they give all innocent prisoners. Death that eventually comes either from starvation or suicide. Misery – being exposed to only a small window of light and one meal a day. Another noticeable visual element in â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† is the use of the blur effect. The director often blurs the background to set more focus on what’s happening in the scene. We see this aesthetic element throughout the entire film, mostly during dialog accompanied with a close up on the characters faces for example, the scene of Mercedes and Edmont speaking by the rocks. The camera is focused on their faces when we see Fernand approaching from the distance.  Seconds later, the focus is changed to Fernand as Mercedes and Edmont are blurred to the viewers. When Edmont shares the news of his promotion we can see the jealousy and frustration on Fernand’s face. Speaking of characters faces, the movie also focuses on the representatio n of characters’ eyes. The clearest example of this would be the dinner scene at Fernand and Mercedes’s mansion for their son Albert’s birthday. After saving the youngsters life, Count Monte Cristo was invited to the Mondego residence for Albert’s birthday party. Throughout the entire evening, Monte Cristo and Mercedes exchange looks as the Countess Montego starts recognizing the love of her life, Edmont Dantes, in the new French aristocrat. They exchange expressions, looks, smiles which reveal to us what the characters are thinking. Such details make â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† a â€Å"lavishly mounted and appealingly old-fashioned swashbuckler† (Leydon). The reviewer of â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† on Variety – John Leydon provides a fantastic summary of the movie. He writes about the actors, plot and direction without going in depth on a particular subject or praising / criticizing the movie in excess. Those are the exact qualities of a good fil m review. This brings up a burning question who can write a film review? In the article â€Å"Film criticism in the age of the Internet† the editors of Cineaste suggest it often seems that everyone is a critic (Cineaste), and we can all agree with that. Nowadays, people can view, comment and write anything on the Web. Anyone can register on a blog or forum and begin writing reviews of movies. It doesn’t even matter how good their writing is or what position they takes because today â€Å"everyone’s a critic† (Cineaste). The expression â€Å"quality over quantity† can quite correctly apply here. There are more and more film reviewers on the Internet, to whom Cineaste refers to as â€Å"amateurs† (Cineaste), â€Å"demented teenagers† (Cineaste) or generally modern film critics. Tobias Grey’s thoughts on this new age of criticism in his article â€Å"Debating film criticism† is that â€Å"modern film criticism is far too subjective and not nearly analytical enough† (Grey) in addition â€Å"criticism is reputed to be dead, film criticism especially so.† (Jesse Walker). While this may seem bad, I like the fact that if you don’t enjoy a certain film, you’re not necessarily a bad reviewer or a person with no taste in film because â€Å"you have a soulmate in cyberspace, and he posted his thoughts (which are identical to yours) on a now-defunct interactive Web site†Ã‚  (Walker). So, what does all of this tell us? The large amount of film criticism on the Internet kills the real meaning of quality level film criticism, however it exposes us to more writers’ thoughts and opinions. The editors in Cineaste express their hope that â€Å"good criticism will predominate over bad in both magazines and the Internetand that increased bids for corporate and government control of cyberspace will not drown out, or silence, the many lively online voices (some of whom are represented in our symposium) that have already changed the face of contemporary film criticism.† â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† is a capturing and fascinating film. The classical love story in the 1800’s intrigues the viewer and the action grabs your attention. It is a favorite film for people of all ages because it shows human qualities that last forever such as greed, desire for revenge, love and more. Analyzing the motion picture as art I paid more attention to the camera movement and lens zoom which made me realize how great the movie actually is. The director communicates with us through visual language and the characters reveal their thoughts through their facial expressions. A close up on the main character’s troubled face or shaking eyeballs can tell us a lot more than dialog. I like â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† for the special attention to details. They connect us with to film and we experience it in a different way. Such minor details may seem like not a big deal if you watch the film for its story, but if you focus and view the film as art you’d see there is much more than dialog and action scenes to â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo†. Bibliography Film criticism in the age of the Internet. Cineaste Fall 2008: 1. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 6 Dec. 2011. Grey, Tobias. Debating film criticism: Europeans share opinions on the pics they review and also on the qualifications for being a well-rounded critic. Variety 29 Oct. 2007: A2+. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 6 Dec. 2011. Leydon, Joe. â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo.† Variety. n. pag. Web. 24 Jan 2002. Walker, Jesse. Everyones a critic: Dont shed any tears for cinephilia. Reason June 2002: 62. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 6 Dec. 2011.

Dr Jekyl And Mr Hyde - Chapter Summary :: essays research papers

Chapter 1The story begins with a description of Mr. Utterson, a lawyer in London. Mr. Utterson is a reserved, conservative man who does not reveal his true, vibrant personality. He tolerates the strangeness and faults of other. Early in his life, he watched as his brother fell to ruin, and it is noted that he is often the last respectable person that men who are turning to evil or ruin have to talk to. This foreshadows Utterson's involvement with upcoming evil.Mr. Utterson is friends with Richard Enfield, although the two are totally different from one another. They always took walks with each other on Sundays no matter what else they might have to do. As they walk down a lane on Sunday that would usually be crowded with merchants and children during the week, Enfield points out an old building without many windows, and only a basement door.Enfield tells a story of how, one night at about 3:00 am, he saw a strange, deformed man round the corner and bump into a young girl. The strange man did not stop but simply walked right over the young girl, who cried out in terror. Enfield rushed over and attended the girl along with her family. Still, the strange man carried on, so Enfield chased him down and urged him back. A doctor was called and Enfield and the doctor felt an odd hatred of the man, warning the man that they would discredit him in every way possible unless he compensated the girl. The strange man agreed to offer 100 British pounds.Enfield notes that the man is like Satan in the way he seems emotionally cold to the situation. The strange man presented a cheque signed by an important person, which they together cashed the next morning. Enfield states that he refers to the building as Black Mail House. Utterson asks Enfield if he ever asked who lived in the building, but Enfield explains that he doesn't ask questions about strange things:"the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask."The building appears lived in, and the two men carry on their walk. Enfield continues that the strange man he saw that night looked deformed, though he could explain how. Utterson assures Enfield that his story has caught his interest. The two agree never to talk about the story again.Chapter 2The same evening, Utterson came home.

Effects of Social Media on testing ability

As a society we are constantly connected to the world around us. The accurate definition Is explained best by Boyd and Allyson. 2007 â€Å"SONS or Social Networking System Is a web-based service that allows individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. This system or software is made up of all social networking sites some of which are Faceable, Mainstream, Twitter, Tumbler, Snatch, and the list goes on. It Is clear that we live In a world where we have access to any piece of information at any given time during the day. With this boom of technology It Is becoming harder and harder for us to disconnect from the world around us. There is very little chance to decompress have access by not only our computers, but also our phones now have APS that allows us to connect to social media at any giv en time of the day or night.The question is does this constant access of information and constant staying on social media affect our performance as students? Prospectus The Higher Education Research Institute in 2007 reported that ninety four percent of first year college students use social networking websites. In 2005 research by Macrobiotics and kepi revealed, â€Å"Eighty five percent of students at a large research university had accounts on Faceable, the most popular social networking site. † This leads us to the question does this way of revolving around social media impact our daily lives and the way we function?The National Sleep Foundation conducted a survey to reveal if there was a correlation between long hours of social media use and if it affected sleep habits along with performance levels. To be able to function properly one's sleep is Just as viable as the basic needs such as food and water. Before the big boom of technology humans lived much simpler lives. Fo r example, before the invention of computers, cellophanes, and even motor vehicles people had a more organic and natural way of life. Even the food they put into their bodies was untarnished by chemicals.Technology is intended to make one's life better; however like many things that are used in excess it becomes unhealthy. When these forms of social media affect our sleep cycle we maybe dealing with an addiction that must be managed. Lead researcher Diana Tamari of a recent Harvard study told the Los Angles Times, â€Å"l think the study helps to explain why people utilize social media websites so often. I think it helps explain why Twitter exists and why Faceable is so popular, because people enjoy sharing information about each other (Nature,2012). Diana Tamari was involved in a study conducted by Harvard University, which sought the answers to why social media was so addictive. The answer to their question turned out to be very a simple one. People are addicted to talking about their problems. They found in researching â€Å"That the act of disclosing information about oneself activates the same part of the brain that is associated with the sensation of pleasure, the same pleasure that we get from eating food or getting money (Nature, 2012). I say all of this to lead to the main point of our own research; social media is addictive. When social media becomes a problem and affects our basic needs such as sleeping patterns; the problem flows over into our daily lives. To simply state it our performance levels will decrease. In a study done by Christina J. Calamari, PhD, Thornton B. A. Mason, MD, PhD, MACE, Sarah J. Radcliff, PhD. , â€Å"Teenagers getting 8 to 10 hours of sleep on school nights tended to have 1. – to 2-fold lower multitasking indices compared with those getting less sleep.Thirty-three percent of the teenagers reported falling asleep during school. † Research is proving that social media is unhealthy. This problem did not escala te quickly overnight, but has been slowly evolving monster that has grown into a problem that must be dealt with. Kirsches and Sharkskin (2010, p. 1238) claim that â€Å"Students tend to participate in such website activities while doing their homework so that it may have negative effect on their academic achievements by interrupting them from the learning process.Therefore, between SONS usage and student academic performance shown at schools and universities. Many doctors, websites, self-help books, etc. Tell us that social media is a huge leader in sleep loss, however in Sleep Care's article on social media and sleep they write that they believe social media can cause individuals to get more, effective sleep. â€Å"Faceable has over 1 billion users worldwide while Twitter had over 500 million last year and is quickly growing every day'(Sleepwear, 2014).This goes without saying that a big chunk of the world is connected to one social media site or another. In order to be engaged in a social media site, one must â€Å"follow' or â€Å"like† another. They continue with, â€Å"Social media enables an individual to feel supported from individuals closely tied to their lives and from friends and family afar† (Sleepwear,2014). By connecting with people who share similar interests and opinions a person who actively utilizes social media finds oneself in an overall better state of mind.This relates directly to better sleep because having a peaceful mind when lying down to go to bed is essential in a good night's sleep. In 2010 media headlines read: minor Friends Can Make You Fat. Reading these headlines, researchers at US San Diego and Harvard studied the correlation between social networks, sleep patterns and drug usage, after much research and hours of examination they discovered, â€Å"The use of social networks by adolescents influences sleep patterns, sleep deprivation, and drug use† (Beers 2010). Why is the sleep cycle important?What occ urs during the sleep cycle that is so valuable to the human body? â€Å"Stage 1 is the beginning of the sleep cycle, and is a relatively light stage of sleep in which the brain produces high amplitude theta waves, which are very slow brain waves. Stage 2 is the second stage of sleep and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. The brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles. This stage was previously divided into stages three and four. Deep, slow brain waves known as delta waves.Most dreaming occurs during the fourth stage of sleep, known as rapid eye movement (ERM) sleep† (Cherry, 2011) These stages of sleep are very valuable for the wellbeing of humans. These processes allow us to recuperate from the day and heal. The body can physically heal itself by resting. The same concept applies to the mind. Once the technology is finally set aside most young adults only receive approximately five hours of sleep per night. Sleep deprivatio n is the reason why in this day and age there are more mishaps and â€Å"slip-ups† than ever before.With the lack of sleep one's comprehension skills are severely lacking. When it is time to sleep individuals around the world grab their phones. Peg Fitzpatrick surveyed 1,000 online individuals thus finding, â€Å"Our Faceable and Twitter activities continue even after we've hit the hay, with forty-eight percent of respondents checking in on activity when they wake p in the middle of the night or as soon as they wake up in the morning (Fitzpatrick 2011). In her online blob, Peg Fitzpatrick asked many friends about how social media affects their sleeps habits.Sadly, many of her friends responded with low affects because they have -in few words?grown immune to social media. They check their social media sites every night in the same amount of time so their body is used to getting that same amount of sleep. Social media has affected these friend's sleep habits. They have been a part of the world of social media so long that their body has accepted it as a part of the daily routine. With easy access to sites responsibility to bedroom may result in sleep loss, delays in initiating sleep, daytime sleepiness and more,† says researcher Teresa Roar.Those who said they usually connected to friends online before getting into bed reported sleeping an average of â€Å"8 hours and 10 minutes a night compared with 9 hours and 2 minutes among those who never connected† (Thomson & Reuters 2014). Studies also show that sleep loss can lead to a variety of other problems such as: obesity, depression, high blood pressure, difficulty regulating emotions and lower grades. Kids who frequently viewed TV before bed were four times more likely to report waking up several times during the night than non-viewers, and frequent social networks were three times more likely to wake up a lot.Researchers reported in Sleep Medicine, † kids who regularly played video gam es or listened to music at bedtime had significantly more difficulty falling asleep† (Thomson & Reuters 2014). Another factor that also may play into the problem is when a device with access to social media is near the bedtime pillow, people tend to wake up throughout the night. Some tend to immediately return to leap but others may stay away for an hour or more in the middle of the night on social media before they return to sleep. This growing problem may seem insignificant, but over time this continual routine is unhealthy for the body.The life of a student, no matter what age, takes a toll on the body. Deadlines to meet, Jobs to do, activities to plan, activities to attend, homework to complete, grades to maintain, etc. The life of a student is often either all about freedom or all about grades. This is because as students we are learning what actions to take in order to have a balanced life. Sleep is one area that is often neglected by young adults because there is more o n the plate than ever before. The society of today is fast paced and demanding. In order to stay in control one must lose a few hours of sleep to stay ahead of the game.What is the accurate definition of sleep and rest? It is referred to as, â€Å"The period in which the basic metabolic rate decreases, soft tissue and muscles are relaxed and revalidated, and the brain is able to process things that have been learned during the day (Clifford, 2007). Harvard Women's Health Watch states, â€Å"There are six reasons for eating enough sleep, namely for improved learning and memory, maintenance of metabolism and weight, increased safety, enhanced mood, cardiovascular health and boosting up the immune system† (Fanned, 2013). With any choice comes an appropriate consequence.Depending on the choice the consequences could be positive or negative. When an individual decides to push off sleep for whatever reason negative consequences follow?sickness, a drop in school performance, a nega tive or poor attitude, and an exhausted body. In a 2009 study Tracker noticed that students experiencing sleep deprivation try to avoid more difficult tasks. Also, they often are not aware that the difficulties they are experiencing academically can be directly related to their poor sleep habits. This can often lead to frustration and depression due to the low-test scores they are receiving.This would explain the commonly heard comment, â€Å"l can't understand why I did so badly, I spent all the previous day studying† (Engle-Friedman, 2003; Filcher, 1997). In 2013 an experiment was put into action to identify the factors affecting quality of sleep, and assess the impact of low quality sleep on the daily activities of students. The Results of social Edie follow: â€Å"Non-users of social networking, such as Faceable, MANS, and Twitter, 0. 5-2 hours a day had the best sleep quality among the groups, but the result again cannot be taken into consideration due to the non-signif icant p value (p= 0. 42) ( Fanned, 2013). † Even though social media is relatively new, it has found itself into the daily lives of many young students. With most media distractions are not uncommon. People see social media as way to relax, but are blinded by the negative effects that it has on their health and even on their grades. A large-scale study by the Kaiser Family Foundation (Beers,2012) found that, â€Å"teens spent fifty three hours per week engaged with some form of electronic media. † That's more than seven hours per day. Most of the time spent was during the night when the volunteer is in bed.Research also shows that lack of sleep has been linked with mood swings during the day. Social media has a negative impact in that it influences friends in a network. It has also brought about a sleep disorders such as sleep testing. This is a recent development. The brain is hardwired to do what it is become adapted to. In this age brains are coming more and more ada pted to staying on computers and cellophanes all day long. This practice has drifted over into our sleeping habits. This is not only a distraction to the one who is doing it but also to the one who receives the text because the alert wakes them up in the middle of the night.The brain cannot function at maximum capacity when it is weary. This causes one who loses sleep to perform poorly on test and during their daily activities. In the research done by Dry. Rubin Had, social media effects on sleep are analyzed in the life of young students. Sleep is a vital necessity such as eating a proper diet, drinking plenty of eater, and exercising daily. Dry. Had also shows that poor quality sleep negatively affects a person's physical, psychological and emotional well being and leads to poor job performance.She goes on to further explain how sleep is like a cave you have to enter, this meaning that each human body has to prepare itself for the sleep cycle. A person must develop a routine to he lp their body to shut down and begin to recuperate. By adding light from computers or cellular devices the body is not able to properly shut down for the night. The light from laptops or cellular devices causes the brain to be confused. When the brain senses darkness it connects this with sleep so it makes the hormone melatonin. This hormone makes us sleepy.When a student is on a computer the brain is tricked by the light, believing that it is earlier than it usually is. Because of this it takes a student longer to merge into the ERM cycle. â€Å"The college student needs about eight hours of sleep. When a college student puts down their cellular device they can therefore get more sleep. † (Pipsqueaks, 2013). Method To conduct this study, participants will be recruited on the Blue Mountain College campus. Participants will be comprised of eighteen and older, male and female, rotational and nontraditional college students.We will recruit the participants by word of mouth, sign s posted around campus and the incentive of coffee and doughnuts. The participants will be required to sign a consent form to the study, answer demographic questions, take the short survey and not talk about the survey to friends. Upon request noted on the demographic form, participants can be emailed the surveys results, which will be the debrief section of the study. This study is designed to figure out if prolonged hours of social media use at nighttime will affect test scores the next morning.Total hours spent on social media will be test complied with demographic questions and five questions from the fifth grade level language arts section of the Mississippi Curriculum Test (MAC). Testing will take place in the student lounge between the hours of on varies days, to which we will take participants at any time during that block of time. Participants can score between O and 100 on the MAC section and that score will then be compared to the total amount of time they stated they spe nt on social media in the demographic section.We believe higher test scores will show a lower amount of nightly social Edie use and lower test scores will show a higher usage of social media. Results The survey we conducted involved sixty-two volunteers. Group A participants spent less than one hour on social media the night before and group B spent anywhere from an hour to over six hours. The purpose for our testing was to create a correlation between low comprehension skills and late hours spent on social media. Our hypothesis stated that students who spent more time on social media would make a lower grade than those who did not.Figure 1. 1 is a scatter plot to show the range of test scores from our 62 participants. Figure 1. 1 Figure 1. 2 The break down of hours spent on social media per individual is seen in figure 1. 2. Majority of hours that were spent on social media falls between less than an hour and two hours. For this reason we created two groups and compared their test scores to each other. The total hours grouped can be viewed in figure 1. 3. Out of the 62 participants 47% spent less than an hour on social media and 53% spent an hour or more on social media. Figure 1. The correlation of our survey shows our hypothesis to be false. The two-tailed P value equals 0. 1683, which is 16%. By conventional criteria, this difference is insider to be not statistically significant because it is not less than . 05 and thus not supporting our claim. The mean of Group One less than 1 hour minus Group Two greater than 1 hour equals 9. 67, 95% confidence interval of this difference: From -4. 20 to 23. 53. Participants who spent less time on social media approximately had the same average as those who spent more than two hours on social media.Figure 1. 4 below displays the statistical data from the study. Mean. 24 57. 58 SODS. 09 28. 97 SEEM 4. 66 5. 04 N 29 33 Figure 1. 4 Discussion The Age of Information is here and it is here to stay. As a result, our social m edia use is steadily on the rise. The purpose of the study was to see if prolonged usage of social media at night affects our comprehension skills the proceeding morning. This research is important because if people are aware of the effects that social media could have, they might reduce the amount of time they spend on different networks.Our hypothesis was, if a student spends two or more hours on social media before entering their sleep cycle it would negatively affect their test scores the following day. After conducting the experiment, our team found no correlation between hours spent n social media the night before and low comprehension skills. We found many factors in need of improvement throughout our experiment. If time allowed a pilot study would have been ideal to allow for us to discover things that we might fix before conducting the study.Also, we could have fine-tuned our data collection method and made sure we were selecting the proper statistical analyses. One of our initial plans was to incorporate the experimenters' GAP in order to determine if the student had a learning disability. However, when making out the test samples, we chose not to add a blank for the test takers to insert their GAP. Additional reading comprehension questions would have been helpful for us to determine if the student had any reading or learning disabilities. Also, incorporating a variety of questions could have better helped our results.The demographic portion of our test became a distraction for the test takers. The amount of demographic questions that was asked seemed to bombard the participants of the study. Fewer questions could possibly have been more helpful in this instance. In our attempt to mask our study we ended up causing our participants to rush through the numerous demographic questions. Another factor that hurt the results of our study was the number of participants who refrained from social media. Our data was skewed due to a low number of participants who spent less than one hour on a social media website.The location we chose to conduct the experiment could have been moved to an area better fitted for testing. Instead, we chose a central location in one of the buildings on campus. Many people came in and out of our testing room. This offered many distractions for our participants. The constant flow of traffic allowed the volunteers to be distracted. Having a quieter environment could have helped our test takers focus more. In our tests. The group's definition of social media was clearly explained. We spread the word about our experiment in a timely manner so that the majority of students on campus were made aware of our experiment.Also, we provided multiple days for students to come in so that testing did not interfere with their class schedules. We offered donuts and coffee, which were effective incentives for the students. Our experiment could be useful for other groups studying sleep by helping them better calculate the corr elation between social media use and sleep habits. For future studies we will need to develop a more effective way to study the effects of prolonged social media use on students so that we will have more accurate results.